Making Traditional Hardtack: Survival Food Recipe (2024)

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Are you looking for an easy, indoor homesteading activity to try with your kids this summer? Why not make some traditional hardtack.

For centuries, hardtack has been a staple survival food for pioneer homesteaders, soldiers, explorers, sailors, and many others. In fact, historical records show variations of hardtack being used in ancient times by the Egyptians and Romans.

Also known as sea biscuits, sea bread, dog biscuits, and a host of other names, hardtack is a dense, brick-like mixture of flour, water, and salt.There are many additives and other ingredients you can add to hardtack, but making traditional hardtack is a good place to start.

Estimated reading time: 7 minutes

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What is Hardtack?

The term hardtack itself comes from the British slang “tack” for food. Literally meaning “hard food,” the name perfectly warns a person what to prepare for before eating it. In fact, the unleavened biscuits become so dense and hard that you have to soak them for several minutes before you can safely chew them.

Hardtack History

In the 15th and 16th centuries, the British Royal Navy began mass-producing hardtack to supply its sailors with their daily ration of a pound of hardtack. The inexpensive ingredients needed to make hardtack made it a perfect way to feed armies and fleets around the globe.

Nearly every port in the world had savvy businessmen making hardtack near the docks to resupply ships.

In the 19th century, hardtack was a main source of food for gold prospectors in the California Gold Rush, as well as the Union and Confederate soldiers in the American Civil War. Soldiers on both sides hated the biscuits and would find many creative ways to improve the flavor and edibility to be used for breakfast, lunch, dinner, and dessert.

Interestingly, the Confederate armies had less access to wheat needed to make flour since most of the wheat was farmed farther north. As a result, Confederate soldiers made a similar hardtack recipe with a cornmeal base rather than wheat flour. These were called "Johnny Cakes."

In the same way that Canadian pioneers, the Metis people, and voyageurs packed smoked game meat or pemmican,the lightweight hardtack was perfect travel food.

Although hardtack became less popular after the invention of refrigeration and canning, it's still used today as part of some countries’ military rations worldwide.Many people also like to add it to a gift list for preppers and survivalists. Or even include it in their homemade wilderness survival kits.

Making a Traditional Hardtack Recipe

Wondering how to make hardtack? You almost certainly have the necessary ingredients to make a traditional hardtack recipe: four to five cups of flour, one cup of water, and two teaspoons of salt. Once you’ve gathered your ingredients together, follow these simple steps.

How to Make Hardtack

Making Traditional Hardtack: Survival Food Recipe (2)

Traditional Hardtack

Yield: 20 - 25 biscuits

Prep Time: 25 minutes

Cook Time: 1 hour

Additional Time: 15 minutes

Total Time: 1 hour 40 minutes

This traditional hardtack recipe is an easy way to start making your own supply of survival food that will last years.

Ingredients

  • 4 cups of white flour
  • 2 cups of water
  • 4 teaspoon of salt

Instructions

  1. Set oven to 375 degrees Fahrenheit.
  2. Slowly mix the flour and salt into the water in a large mixing bowl. The mixture will get very thick, so use a wooden spoon instead of a whisk.
  3. Transfer the dough to a flat, lightly floured surface.
  4. Knead the dough by hand to make sure it's thoroughly mixed.
  5. Using arolling pinflatten the dough to ½ inch thick.
  6. Once flattened, cut the dough into 3" by 3" squares.
  7. Use a skewer or toothpick to poke 3 rows of 4 holes into the top of each square.
  8. Transfer the squares to a baking sheet and bake at 375 degrees Fahrenheit for 30 minutes. Flip the squares and bake for another 30 minutes.
  9. Remove from the oven and let cool on a wire rack.

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Nutrition Information

Yield 20-25 Serving Size 1 Biscuit
Amount Per Serving Calories 100

More Traditional Hardtack Bread Recipe Links

National Park Service Hardtack Recipe

Skilled Survival Long-Term Survival Bread

American Table Civil War Hardtack Recipe

Primal Survival How to Make Hardtack the Traditional and Modern Way

Adding Flavor to Hardtack

In some modern-day recipes, people add butter, sugar, honey, or spices to improve their taste. For a touch of sweetness, try adding 1 tablespoon of honey while mixing the dough. If you want to add some spices, try adding some oregano, rosemary, or cayenne pepper.

While extra flavor helps make these biscuits more edible, additional ingredients do have a major drawback: they will drastically reduce the biscuit's shelf-life. Hardtack has become coveted as a survival food because it lasts for decades without spoiling. The simplicity of the recipe and its stable ingredients ensure this.

So before you get all excited to start adding extra ingredients, make sure you have a plan to keep the biscuits from going bad.

Storing Hardtack

If you make traditional hardtack without any additives, it can last decades without going bad. In fact, Manassas National Battlefield Park has hardtack from the Civil War on display in their museum. It has lasted over 150 years.

To last this long, it must be stored in a cool and dark space, ideally in an airtight container or vacuum seal. Moisture is the nemesis of storing any dried preservative, so make sure it stays bone dry.

Furthermore, the airtight container will help keep out any larvae or pests. You don't want to spend all this time making hardtack to help secure your food supply, only to find it destroyed by rodents or insects. Storing your biscuits properly will ensure that if you ever do need them, they'll still be edible (and there).

Related:

Weevils in the wheat grain have been associated with ruining batches of hardtack, so make sure you check your flour before beginning. In the past, sailors and soldiers would submerge their hardtack in water or coffee and see if any larvae floated to the top. If so, they would simply skim it off the top and continue eating. You should definitely double-check your flour.

Eating Hardtack

There are a few different ways to eat hardtack. Don’t just bite into it; there’s a reason one of its nicknames is “molar breakers.” A popular way to soften the hardtack is by submerging it in a glass of milk, coffee, or water for about 15 minutes and then frying it in butter.

You can also mash it up and mix it with water to create a hardtack meal, kind of like a disappointing porridge.

Interestingly, the desperation of Civil War soldiers during the conflict led to some new and creative ways to make hardtack just a little more palatable. They would use the stock of their rifles to crush the bread, which they would then mix with water and form into a pancake. This would be either fried in a pan or cooked directly on the coals of a fire.

For dessert, soldiers would add hot water, brown sugar, and whiskey to the crushed hardtack to create a simple pudding.

Alternatively, hardtack can be soaked in a hearty venison stew or white bean kale soup.

Hardtack As a Survival Food

No matter your reason for making hardtack, this hard biscuit is one of the ultimate survival foods next to pemmican. It uses basic ingredients many people already have, including all purpose flour, cold water, and vegetable oil or animal fats. It has a long shelf life. And it is a good option for long journeys when fresh foods might be hard to pack.

Hardtack biscuits are great for long term storage when there's uncertainty about food sources and when prepping for a survival situation. Plus, this hard bread offers good nutritional value in case of an emergency or during hard times. Use this simple recipe when paired with peanut butter, salt pork, or pemmican to boost the grams of protein. In fact, pemmican and hardtack pair really well together.

Try A Hard Tack Bread Recipe

The dense caloric content and long shelf-life of hard tack mean you can prepare a large amount and store it as emergency rations for a long time as an emergency food supply. Plus, as sailors and soldiers on long voyages have proven, a little creativity can make a hardtack seabiscuit useful for every meal on long trips.

If hardtack isn't already an emergency ration in your bugout bag orcellar, get started making your own supply of this great survival food today and let us know what creative preparations you come up with!

You might also like...

  • How to Secure Your Food Supply: 15 Ways to Take Action Now
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  • Dehydrating Foods: How to Get Started
  • 15 Best Prepper Pantries and Tips on Stocking Your Own
  • How to Make Dried Fish

This post is part of the Homestead in Your Homeschool Series.

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Making Traditional Hardtack: Survival Food Recipe (2024)

FAQs

What is the best flour for hardtack? ›

Any type of flour will work for this recipe, but hardtack made from white flour lasts the longest. Different flours like whole wheat or rye produce hardtack that won't last as long.

How long can you survive on hardtack? ›

Historically Soldiers were known to survive for months on end, almost entirely on Hardtack. However, cases of scurvy were reported due to a lack of vitamin C. Though it has extremely old origins, today's Hardtack is still extremely simple and hardy, making them perfect emergency survival food.

What bread will last a lifetime without refrigeration? ›

Over the centuries, survival bread has been known as hardtack, pilot bread, and ship biscuits, among dozens of other names, though the basic premise is the same. It's survival bread that will basically last forever, without refrigeration and regardless of weather conditions.

How much hardtack per day? ›

Two or three crackers of hardtack, about three inches square each, fulfilled the daily ration for hard bread. Camp rations could substitute soft bread, flour, or cornmeal for hardtack, and included extras such as dried beans or peas, rice, vinegar, and molasses, along with an allotment of soap and candles.

What is a substitute for T55 flour? ›

Bread Flour / T55:

Bread flour can be found in white or whole wheat, bleached or unbleached. Unbleached all-purpose flour can generally be substituted for bread flour with good results.

Is T55 flour same as bread flour? ›

In France, the bread flour equivalent would be T55 or T65 depending on the style of bread you're making.

Does hardtack have any nutritional value? ›

Modern use. Commercially available hardtack is a significant source of food energy in a small, durable package. A store-bought 24-gram cracker can contain 100 calories (20 percent from fat) from 2 grams of protein but practically no fiber.

What is cowboy hard tack? ›

Hardtack is made from flour, water, and salt. It could last a long time- there is even hard tack from the Civil War in the museum at Manassas National Battlefield Park today! Soldiers really didn't like eating hardtack. It was known as “sheet iron crackers” or “tooth duller” because it was so hard.

Is Civil War hardtack still edible? ›

Creative cooks would use them to thicken soups or grind them up for cereal or flour. But the upside of hardtack is that it can be eaten after years and years of sitting on a shelf. Hardtack rations from the American Civil War are still edible, even if they don't taste great.

Why does Pepperidge Farms bread last so long? ›

Commercial bread that keeps for a long time has more barley flour. In addition, some bakeries add a little vinegar to the dough after proving, which also makes the bread keep longer.

What is the best anti inflammatory bread? ›

The best bread to reduce gut inflammation is bread made from whole grains. Refined grains, such as the grains found in white bread and white pasta, are known to increase inflammation across the whole body. Sourdough bread and rye bread are both good options for an anti-inflammatory diet.

What is the healthiest bread to eat? ›

In general, you want to look for whole-grain bread that has some fiber, protein and not too much sodium or added sugar per slice. Sprouted grain bread hits all those marks and has a hearty texture that I think is delicious when toasted.

Are saltine crackers the same as hardtack? ›

Saltines have been compared to hardtack, a simple unleavened cracker or biscuit made from flour, water, and sometimes salt. However, unlike hardtack, saltines include yeast as a leavening agent, which causes the bread to rise.

Can you eat hardtack dry? ›

Gnaw on a chunk of hardtack for 20-30 minutes if you'd rather not soak it. Dry hardtack is not meant to be eaten quickly.

Did pioneers eat hardtack? ›

Hardtack is a crunchy biscuit made from flour, water and salt—so essentially bread without yeast. Pioneers would chomp on these crackers dry, or soak them in water for a bit to add moisture.

Which type of flour is most suited to the production of scones? ›

Use pastry flour for the lightest scones. All-purpose plus pastry flour also works, but don't omit the pastry flour. "Once you've shaped your scones, chill them before baking," Youngman says.

What kind of flour that is used most often is a combination of hard and soft wheat? ›

ALL-PURPOSE FLOUR

This flour is the most widely used of all flours. It comes from the finely ground part of the wheat kernel called the endosperm, which gets separated from the bran and germ during the milling process. It is made from a combination of hard and soft wheat, hence the term all-purpose.

What flour makes bread rise the best? ›

This is because the higher protein content of bread flour will help you create the high rise and rustic crust of an artisan style loaf. If, however, you're looking to bake a super soft brioche, you'll need to use a bread flour in the lower protein range.

Which type of flour is best for making bread by hand? ›

All-purpose flour produces tender baked goods (as opposed to chewy ones) and is ideal for cakes, muffins, biscuits, piecrust, etc. Bread flour, on the other hand, is ideal for bread, pizza dough, pretzels, etc. – items where a strong crumb and a chewy texture are coveted.

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